Early intervention in children with autism spectrum disorders in Republic of Macedonia

Abstract

Introduction: Epidemiological studies detected that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently raising, and there is a need for early effective interventions to manage the characteristics of the disorder. The evidence suggests that early intervention programs are beneficial for children with autism, often improving developmental functioning and decreasing maladaptive behaviors and symptom severity. The aim of this research is to gain the opinion of the parents of children with ASD in Republic of Macedonia concerning the early intervention programs which are currently being conducted. Methodology: Internet based research was conducted from 1st of April until 1st of June. Parents of children with ASD completed 72 questionnaires via an online Google Form. The participants were from all across the Republic of Macedonia. Results: Around 2/3 of participants started with early childhood treatments aged between 2 and 4 years. The most popular treatments are: training of social skills in 24% of children, psychomotor re-education in 22%, biomedical treatment and treatment with medicaments in 26%. 38% are not satisfied with the current treatments. Around half of participants were optimistic and expect a high level of improvement. One third of parents spent between 250 and 350 Euros for the treatments. Conclusions: In Republic of Macedonia there is no systematic approach to early intervention services and programs. Sometimes they use unproven treatments which can be dangerous for the health. ABA and TEACCH approaches are used for a very low number of children. Authorities must start with use of certificated programs for training the professionals.