OSMOTIC DEMYELINATION SYNDROME

Abstract

Abstract. Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) may be observed as a result of a rapid change in serum osmolarity, such as that induced by an overly rapid correction of serum sodium levels in hyponatraemic patients. Case presentation. We report a case of a 40-year-old male, first hospitalization through Emergency center (glucose 6.4 mmol/l. ECG: sinus rhythm, normal axis with SF 70/min.). Patient has electrolyte imbalance ,elevated liver enzymes, high enzyme activity predominantly of CK (6664) in relation to transaminase activity (AST 288, ALT 127), elevated CK, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and extremely low sodium = 95.Main complaints were muscle pain, muscle weakness, slurred speech, weakness, walk inability. Diagnostic findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI 1,5T Simens Magnetom Essenca (brain) that showed large tipical inhomogeneous hypersignal lesion in the central pontine region on T2 weighted and FLER images with restriction of DWI. There is signal intensity of the basal ganglia nucleus lentiformis and and caudate cerebral nuclei on axial T2 weighted images and FLAIR images which were suggestive of CPM. Teaching points. Central pontine myelinolysis is an acute non-inflammatory demyelinating disorder.It is precipitated by the rapid correction of severe chronic hyponatraemia.Electrolyte abnormalities other than sodium should be investigated and rectified.An in-depth neurological examination is mandated to assess the severity and progression of ODS.MRI is the radiological modality of choice for earlier detection of ODS lesions.