Early Neonatal Morbidity Associated with Maternal Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Introduction: Any degree of glucose intolerance with onset in pregnancy is referred to as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is present in 10% of all pregnancies, it has an increasing tendency and represents a risk factor for the mother, pregnancy and fetus. The aim of the paper is to determine the mutuality of the most common disorders in newborns from mothers with GDM, compared to the control group of newborns, from pregnancies without gestational diabetes in our maternity hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective study, performed at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, in the period from 01.01. to 30.05.2024. The study included mothers with GDM, their newborns, as well as a control group of newborns and mothers without GDM. We evaluated maternal age, body weight, type of diabetes and comorbidities, maternal therapy, family history, way of delivery, Apgar scores, need for resuscitation, birth weight and maturity of the newborn, respiratory adaptation of the newborn, glycemia and needs for correction, hematocrit, Calcium, bilirubin, sucking reflex, jaundice. Results: The study included 60 parturients, 30 with GDM and 30 parturients without diabetes. In the group of mothers with GDM, the mean age was 33.6 (20%), they had a positive family history of diabetes and hypertension, 26 (87%) were obese, 12 (40%) had high blood pressure, 25 (83%) gave birth by caesarean section. 33% of their newborns were premature, 33% hypertrophic, 13% had hypoglycemia, 10% in need of oxygen support during the adaptation period, 7% with hypocalcemia, 27% with prolonged hyperbilirubinemia. A weaker sucking reflex and weaker muscle tone were noted in half of the newborns of mothers with GDM. Conclusion: With an increase in glucose intolerance and obesity in the young female population in the fertile period, GDM occurs as a frequent pathology after they become pregnant. Early screening in pregnancy plays a big role in reducing the consequences.