Технологија на чување, загуби и хемиски промени за време на чувањето на бучинската аршлама

Abstract

The local old sweet onion population ’buchinska arshlama’ is mainly grown in the region of Pelagonia. It is traditionally grown with seedlings. Growing period starts in March until the middle of September. The growers store this type of onion in bulk covered with foil without control conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the losses of the onion ’buchinska arshlama’ during storage traditionally and in cold rooms. The experiment was set for three seasons. The bulbs were measured every month from October to April. Data of the percent of weight loss, diseases and changes in chemical composition were calculated and statistically processed with program SPSS for Windows 13.0. The results show that in the traditional way of storage and in cold rooms the mass of bulbs decreases but more rapidly in traditional way of storage. The losses were highest at the end of storage. In traditional storage the percentage of weight loss succeeded 52.24% in 2010/2011, 23.73% in 2011/2012 and 42.72% in 2012/2013. The percentage of weight losses in the cold room storage was highest in the three seasons after shelf life procedure two weeks on 14-16oC and amounted 27.17% in 2010/2011, 22.1% in 2011/2012 and 23.82% in 2012/2013. The percentage of sprouted bulbs traditionally stored in all years (2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013) is highest in April and accounted for 32.06%, 10.85% and 40.22%, respectively, due to higher temperatures in that period. In cold room storage the percentage of sprouted bulbs is low and amounts to 3.07% in April in 2010/2011 and 1.39% after shelf life procedure in 2011/2012 and in 2012/2013. The percentage of diseased bulbs traditionally stored in 2010/2011 was the highest in March of 4.12%, in 2011/2012 in April of 17.97%, which is the highest percentage for the entire analyzed period, while in 2012/2013 the highest percentage of diseased bulbs is registered in March of 4.25%. In the cold room, in 2010/2011 the highest percentage of diseased bulbs is registered in February of 3.46%, while in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 the highest percentage of infected bulbs was recorded in April 4,64% and 2,74 respectively. Regarding chemical composition, the average percentage of total solids and soluble solids in the three analyzed years was slightly higher in traditional storage, except for the year 2012/2013 when the difference was significant. Differences in the content of the average percentage of ash, reducing sugars and total sugars were statistically insignificant for the three analyzed years in two ways of storage. Buchinska arshlama is well stored traditionally until the month of February when there is a need of cold room storage in order to stop the progressive losses of bulbs.