МЕХАНИЧКИ ПОВРЕДИ НА ОЧНИОТ БУЛБУС

Abstract

Aim: Mechanical eye injuries are urgent conditions in the field of ophthalmology. Affection of the eye globe can have repercussion on the visual acuity, as well as organ vitality and the persistence of the eye globe. The goal of the study was to categorize all the clinical cases based on BETT terminology, to analyze mechanical injuries of the eyeball and to elaborate the way of the treatment. Patients and Methods: On the University Eye Clinic for the period of one year (2016/17), 285 patients were treated. This was a retrospective study. In all patients visual acuity was determinate, direct afferent papillary reaction, slitlamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus examination with 78D, Rtg orbit imaging and ultrasonography in patients with blunt eye trauma, CTM and MRI preformed. In the patients with open globe injury antitetanic prophylaxis was administrated, intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical procedure was performed (primary wound sanation), and if foreign body was present pars plana vitrectomy with insertion of silicon oil was done. The eyeball injury classification is done according BETTs (Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System). Results: All 285 patients were divided in two groups, 250 with closed eye injury and 35 with open eye surgery. All patients were further divided depending on type of injury, mechanism and the need for surgical treatment. From the open globe injuries 7 were located on the cornea (of which 2 with traumatic cataract), 28 lacerations 11 corneal, 8 corneoscleral and 9 scleral. Perforative injuries were 11, one penetrative, 8 with intraocular forign body. All injuries were surgicaly treated. Conclusion: Mechanical ocular injuries are very often in the ophthalmic pathology, they can have influence on the eye function, morphology or even its preservation as an organ. Mainly the younger population is affected which gives significance to the meaning of the pathology. Eyeball injuries should be considered seriously, all the necessary diagnostic procedures must be done and adequate procedures for treatment should be taken. Injuries of the eyeball may not be significant on first sight but over a prolonged period can cause possible complications later. Today thanks to the new achievements in technology and vitreoretinal surgery, the possibilities for eye reconstruction and preservation of visual function are fare better than before.