Etiopathogenesis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas
Journal
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
Date Issued
2016-08-02
Author(s)
DOI
10.3889/oamjms.2016.086
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid malignomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasm consisting of most
frequent differentiated encountered carcinomas, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma, then
medullary thyroid carcinoma originating from neuroendocrine calcitonin-producing C-cells and rare
forms of thyroid lymphomas arising from intrathyroidal lymphatic tissue, thyroid sarcomas and
poorly differentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. There are increasing numbers of epidemiological
studies and publications that have suggested increased incidence rate of thyroid carcinomas. We
have read, analysed and compare available reviews and original articles investigating different
etiological factors in the development of thyroid carcinomas through Google Scholar and PubMed
Database.
DISCUSSION: Aetiology involved in the development of thyroid carcinomas is multifactorial and
includes external influences, as well as constitutional predispositions and genetic etiological factors.
The actual effect of environmental and constitutional factors is on promoting genetic and epigenetic
alterations which result in cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Until now are identified numerous
genetic alterations, assumed to have an important role in oncogenesis, with MAPK and PI3K-AKT
as crucial signalling networks regulating growth, proliferation, differentiation and cell
survival/apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: This new molecular insight could have a crucial impact on diagnosis and also on
improving and selecting an appropriate treatment to the patients with thyroid malignancies.
frequent differentiated encountered carcinomas, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma, then
medullary thyroid carcinoma originating from neuroendocrine calcitonin-producing C-cells and rare
forms of thyroid lymphomas arising from intrathyroidal lymphatic tissue, thyroid sarcomas and
poorly differentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. There are increasing numbers of epidemiological
studies and publications that have suggested increased incidence rate of thyroid carcinomas. We
have read, analysed and compare available reviews and original articles investigating different
etiological factors in the development of thyroid carcinomas through Google Scholar and PubMed
Database.
DISCUSSION: Aetiology involved in the development of thyroid carcinomas is multifactorial and
includes external influences, as well as constitutional predispositions and genetic etiological factors.
The actual effect of environmental and constitutional factors is on promoting genetic and epigenetic
alterations which result in cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Until now are identified numerous
genetic alterations, assumed to have an important role in oncogenesis, with MAPK and PI3K-AKT
as crucial signalling networks regulating growth, proliferation, differentiation and cell
survival/apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: This new molecular insight could have a crucial impact on diagnosis and also on
improving and selecting an appropriate treatment to the patients with thyroid malignancies.
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