IMPLEMENTATION OF FOCUSED ASSESSMENT WITH ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN TRAUMA PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY SURGICAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Abstract

Introduction: This article discusses the importance of trauma assessment in healthcare settings and the role of focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) scans as a diagnostic tool. Trauma remains a significant health concern worldwide, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates, particularly in the younger population. Identifying risk factors for death is crucial for improving trauma patient’s outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study is to implement FAST assessments in an inner-city emergency department and examine their impact on the treatment of adult trauma patients. Material and Methods: The study took place in an urban trauma center and included patients over 18 years old who were presented with trauma, excluding pregnant females, unstable patients and those without consent. FAST scans were performed using ultrasound machines, assessing various abdominal and thoracic views. Results: The results revealed a high sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 85.71% for FAST scans, making them a valuable tool for detecting abdominal free fluid in trauma patients. The most of trauma patients in the study were men aged between 25 and 55, with falls, traffic accidents and assaults being the primary causes of blunt trauma. Commonly affected organs included the lungs, liver and spleen. FAST scans were found to be particularly useful for hypotensive patients, helping in triage decisions. While FAST scans demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, the study suggests that patients with negative results should be observed and may benefit from follow-up scans, as small amounts of free fluid can be challenging to detect. Conclusion: In conclusion, FAST scanning offers several advantages as a diagnostic tool for trauma assessment including its accessibility, affordability, repeatability, noninvasiveness and quick setup. It complements traditional methods like CT scans, especially in cases of hypotensive patients. Despite their limitations, FAST scans play a significant role in improving the management of trauma patients, helping healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about patients’ care. To fully investigate the potential of FAST scans in trauma situations, additional research is required.