Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Anomaly Presenting with Lower Limb Swelling

Abstract

Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly, poses diagnostic and management challenges. This case study details a 46- year-old male presenting with chest pain, exertional left arm pain, lower limb swelling, and abdominal discomfort. Contrast-enhanced CT and CT angiography revealed a suprarenal IVC interruption with azygos vein continuation and collateral venous network. Timely recognition of such anomalies is crucial, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and potential surgical interventions for optimal patient care. Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome, an exceptionally rare congenital anomaly, demands a nuanced approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This case study contributes to the literature by detailing a patient's clinical history, imaging findings, and management approach. Recognition is essential, particularly when symptoms include lower limb swelling and abdominal discomfort, as illustrated in this case. Advanced imaging, specifically CT angiography, plays a key role in the diagnostic journey. The case report delves into the embryological basis, clinical implications, and collaborative efforts required for managing interrupted IVC. A 46-year-old male presented with chest pain, exertional left arm pain, lower limb swelling, and abdominal discomfort. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography revealed a suprarenal IVC interruption with azygos vein continuation and a complex collateral venous network. Proximal abdominal scans lacked IVC images, but dilation of azygos and hemi-azygos veins, thickening of diaphragmatic crura, and collateral vessels suggested azygous continuation with IVC interruption. Management options, including surgery, were discussed, with follow-up involving clinical assessment and monitoring for complications. Recognizing Interrupted IVC Syndrome is crucial in unexplained lower limb swelling. This case underscores the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management. Keywords: Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava, Vascular Anomalies, CT Angiography, Case Study, Vascular Surgery.