THE "GLASS CEILING" PHENOMENON AND WOMEN MANAGERS: REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND OTHER REGIONS IN EUROPE

Abstract

A well-developed management structure is the backbone for the successful operation of any enterprise. The underrepresentation of women in managerial positions has been a persistent concern in the context of gender equality and economic development. This paper investigates the percentage participation of women managers in European countries and its potential connection to GDP per capita. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising various European countries, we conduct a comparative analysis of the proportion of women in managerial roles across different economies with a special reference to North Macedonia. Additionally, GDP per capita data is incorporated to explore potential correlations between women's representation in management and economic prosperity. The analysis covers the following regions: Scandinavia, Nordic region, as well as Eastern, Western and Southern Europe. The analysis refers to two consecutive years, 2020 and 2021. Тhe results indicate that the percentage participation of women managers and GDP per capita are inversely proportional in the Scandinavian region, the Nordic region, as well as Eastern and Western Europe, while the opposite conclusion applies to the countries of Southern Europe.