Prenataly Diagnosed Bilateral Congenital Cystic Adenoid Malformation, Class 2, a Case Report

Abstract

Cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAM) are rare developmental abnormalities of the fetal lung with incidence between 1:11,000 and 1:35,000 live births. They are benign dysplastic lung tumors characterized by overgrowth of terminal bronchioles with a reduction in the number of alveoli. The aim of this paper is to present a case of a prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation, discuss the need for pregnancy termination and the prognosis of this condition. We present a case of 30 year old pregnant women (G2, para 1), reffered to University gynecology and obstetrics clinic in 21 gestational week for 2nd trimester anomaly scan. Fetal lung was markedly abnormal with hyperehogenic and cystic lesions mostly in the right lung lobe with displacement of the heart and largest cyst with diameter of 10mm. Amniocentesis was performed: quantitative analysis for trisomy 13,18 and 21was negative for chromosomopathy. MRI was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed. After detaled counceling termination of pregnancy according to the legal procedure was performed. Pathohistological examination of the fetus confirmed the prenatal diagnosis.

Conclusion: CCAM is a rare congenital anomaly with reported perinatal mortality as high as 49%. Genetic counseling is necessary and termination of pregnancy is an option in cases of poor prognosis. Postnataly surgical management is the preferred option over conservative management.