Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe

Journal
Frontiers in veterinary science
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Hodnik, Jaka Jakob
Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin
Alishani, Mentor
Autio, Tiina
Balseiro, Ana
Berezowski, John
Carmo, Luís Pedro
Chaligiannis, Ilias
Conrady, Beate
Costa, Lina
Davidov, Ivana
Dispas, Marc
Djadjovski, Igor
Duarte, Elsa Leclerc
Faverjon, Céline
Fourichon, Christine
Frössling, Jenny
Gerilovych, Anton
Gethmann, Jörn
Gomes, Jacinto
Graham, David
Guelbenzu, Maria
Gunn, George J
Henry, Madeleine K
Hopp, Petter
Houe, Hans
Irimia, Elena
Ježek, Jožica
Juste, Ramon A
Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil
Kaler, Jasmeet
Kaplan, Selcuk
Kostoulas, Polychronis
Kovalenko, Kaspars
Kneževič, Nada
Knific, Tanja
Koleci, Xhelil
Madouasse, Aurélien
Malakauskas, Alvydas
Mandelik, Rene
Meletis, Eleftherios
Mincu, Madalina
Mõtus, Kerli
Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta
Niculae, Mihaela
Nikitović, Jelena
Ocepek, Matjaž
Tangen-Opsal, Marie
Ózsvári, László
Papadopoulos, Dimitrios
Papadopoulos, Theofilos
Pelkonen, Sinikka
Polak, Miroslaw Pawel
Pozzato, Nicola
Rapaliuté, Eglé
Ribbens, Stefaan
Niza-Ribeiro, João
Roch, Franz-Ferdinand
Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza
Saez, Jose Luis
Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
van Schaik, Gerdien
Schwan, Ebba
Starič, Jože
Strain, Sam
Šatran, Petr
Šerić-Haračić, Sabina
Tamminen, Lena-Mari
Thulke, Hans-Hermann
Toplak, Ivan
Tuunainen, Erja
Verner, Sharon
Vilček, Štefan
Yildiz, Ramazan
Santman-Berends, Inge M G A
DOI
10.3389/fvets.2021.688078
Abstract
The COST action "Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control)," aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min-max: 1-13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.
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